Proxemics is a subcategory of nonverbal language, and is defined as a person's use and perception of his or her social and personal space.
There are four different kinds of distance involved in physical face-to-face interactions, including intimate, personal, social, and public distance.
It is important to remember that although the features of nonverbal language are universal, the expressive meanings of such are culture-specific. This includes proxemics, as the idea of personal space is subjective and dependent upon cultural norms.
Intimate space
This type of spatial distance between individuals is usually reserved for close friends, family, and lovers. Intimate space pertains to the very close range of approximately 45 centimeters between yourself and another individual.
Social space
Social space refers to the type of distance preferred between acquaintances, colleagues, and individuals who have just met. Typically people who interact within the sphere of social space will not engage in physical contact with one another.
Personal space
Personal space is the most well-known form of spatial distance. It can be thought of as the bubble you exist within. Friends and family usually respect the distance of your personal space.
Public space
Public space is commonly used in instances such as a lecturer addressing a student audience. The distance between individuals can reach close to 8 metres, at which point interpersonal communication is hindered.
Implications for teachers
Social and personal space will most often be utilised in your capacity as a teacher. Proxemics will also come into play when designing room layout and classroom seating arrangements.
Keep in mind that nonverbal communication is a means of conveying emotions and meaning. For example, there may be times when entering the personal space of a student is essential, in order to comfort them.
However there may also be times when students do not wish you to be within their social space. It is imperative that teachers learn to read students' nonverbal cues and react accordingly.
Invasion of personal space - Seinfeld and the close talker